Difference between Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning


Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, at times, are used interchangeably by users & developers. Although there is a fair amount of correlation between the two; still the terms & its concepts are not similar to each other. In actual sense, artificial intelligence is a super-set of machine learning as illustrated in the figure below.

Generalizing the different branches of artificial intelligence into more fundamental categorization; artificial intelligence can either be general or applied. In current world, applied artificial intelligence is ore prevalent, and is extensively used in designing smart systems. A few examples of applied AI include intelligent stock trading software, automatic vehicles etc. General AI is the current buzzword; and aims to equip systems and machines to perform virtually everything that a human does (and even beyond it).
The rise of machine learning is a direct consequence of the interest & investment that has gone in the general AI category. The onset & emergence of machine learning is primarily due to two major factors – 
  1. The hypothesis or realization (which first happened in the year 1959) that rather than coding every bit of business logic for systems to behave; systems need to be taught on how to learn themselves and take self-decisions
  2. Internet-boom and the lot of focus that businesses have entrusted on the digital domain – all of which leading to humongous amount of data to be used and leveraged

As depicted in the figure above, ‘artificial intelligence’ is the concept which is aimed at equipping machines & systems with human-like intelligence so that they can self-initiate a response based on the particular input or stimuli. Machine Language is a sub-set of artificial intelligence which deals in different mathematical and statistical techniques & tools which enables systems & machines to self-learn from data so that they can respond to further stimulus without any extensively coded business logic layer.

Artificial intelligence vs. Machine Learning – Rationale behind the confusion

As per recent surveys done by the Verge, more than 40% of the start-ups based out of Europe wrongfully claimed that they are using AI technologies. The reason of this confusion could be multi-pronged – starting from a lack of clear understanding of the concepts, or even businesses trying to use these hype words to promote their operations; thereby increases sales & revenues.

Emergence of Machine Learning from Artificial Intelligence
As mentioned, machine learning is a sub-set of artificial intelligence, the figure below shows precisely where does machine learning stands – 



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